India

In India, safeguarding systems for children and vulnerable adults are supported by a range of national laws and policies, although challenges in enforcement and cultural perceptions persist. Child protection is governed by the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, and other related legislation aimed at preventing abuse, exploitation, and neglect. For adults—particularly women, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities—legal frameworks like the Domestic Violence Act (2005) and the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act provide essential protection. However, underreporting, societal stigma, and family-centric cultural norms often prevent individuals from seeking formal support, especially when issues are viewed as private or shameful. Indian students in the UK may be aware of legal protections but could be reluctant to disclose personal or family concerns due to fear of judgement, reputational harm, or a preference to manage issues independently.

Mental health awareness in India is growing, especially among university-aged populations, but significant stigma and misunderstanding still exist, particularly in more traditional communities. Mental illness is often perceived as a weakness or spiritual issue, and seeking psychological help can be seen as taboo. While government initiatives and NGOs have made strides in promoting awareness and improving access to care, many individuals only seek help in severe cases, and there is a shortage of trained professionals, particularly outside major urban centres. Indian students in the UK may experience stress, homesickness, or academic pressure, yet may hesitate to access mental health services out of concern about confidentiality or how they’ll be perceived. UK university professionals can support these students by providing confidential, culturally sensitive, and easily accessible wellbeing services, and by framing support as a tool for achieving academic success, building resilience, and managing transitions. Promoting services with respect for cultural values—such as family honour and emotional restraint—and offering entry points like peer support, mindfulness sessions, or anonymous self-help tools can help encourage meaningful engagement.