Japan

In Japan, safeguarding systems for children and adults are well established within a structured legal and welfare framework, though cultural norms around privacy and conformity can influence how individuals engage with support services. Child protection is governed by the Child Welfare Act and overseen by child guidance centres, which are responsible for responding to abuse, neglect, or family dysfunction. For adults, safeguarding—particularly in cases of domestic violence, elder abuse, or disability-related vulnerabilities—is supported by laws such as the Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and various provisions within the welfare and health systems. While institutional processes are clear and professional, social stigma, fear of shame, and a cultural emphasis on maintaining harmony can discourage individuals from seeking help or reporting concerns. Japanese students in the UK may be aware of formal systems but hesitant to disclose personal or family issues, especially if doing so could be seen as burdensome or disruptive.

Mental health in Japan is becoming more openly discussed, especially among younger generations, but significant stigma still surrounds psychological distress and mental illness. Historically, mental health issues have been underdiagnosed and underdiscussed due to cultural expectations around emotional restraint, perseverance (gaman), and not burdening others. While Japan has expanded its mental health services in recent years, many still associate counselling or therapy with severe mental illness rather than everyday stress or emotional wellbeing. As a result, Japanese students may be reluctant to seek mental health support, even if they are experiencing challenges with anxiety, homesickness, or academic pressure. UK university professionals can support these students by offering discreet, culturally sensitive, and low-barrier mental health services, and by framing support as a normal, proactive way to care for oneself and succeed academically. Respecting students’ privacy, offering written information, and providing calm, non-confrontational outreach can help build trust and increase engagement.