Spain

In Spain, safeguarding systems for children and vulnerable adults are supported by comprehensive legal frameworks and decentralised regional services. Child protection is governed by national legislation such as the Organic Law on the Legal Protection of Minors, alongside regional child welfare services that handle intervention in cases of abuse, neglect, or risk. For adults, protections are enshrined in laws like the Law on Measures of Protection against Gender Violence and supported by social services at the municipal and regional levels. Spanish students are generally aware of their rights and familiar with structured support systems, but cultural values around personal independence, family privacy, and emotional resilience may mean some students hesitate to share personal issues with institutions, especially if they feel they can manage privately or through family networks.

Mental health in Spain has become an increasingly visible public concern, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered widespread national dialogue on youth mental health. While younger generations are generally open to discussing issues such as anxiety, depression, and academic pressure, stigma still lingers, particularly around more serious or long-term mental health conditions. Mental health services are available through the national health system, but access to therapy can be limited by waiting lists, especially in public settings. Spanish students in the UK may be comfortable with the idea of psychological support but could delay seeking help unless they see it as essential. UK university professionals can support these students by offering discreet, professional, and accessible mental health services, and by framing support as a proactive strategy for success and wellbeing. Clear communication about confidentiality, respect for student autonomy, and approachable services (such as drop-ins or peer-led initiatives) can help encourage early engagement and reduce barriers to seeking support.